![]() ![]() Rafter spacing is the distance between parallel rafters or roof joists. How to Calculate Roof Rafters: How Many Rafters Do I Need?.Our goal is to provide a complete guide for sizing and spacing rafters for your projects. ![]() We’ll discuss 16” and 24” spacing, how to calculate the number of rafters required, 19.2” spacing, and the spacing when using metal roofing and for lean-to and porch roofs. In this guide, we’ll explain rafter spacing, code requirements, roof rafter span tables, and rafter spacing calculators. The wider the space between rafters often results in rafters of greater depth too. Depending on all contributing factors though, 16” and 24” are commonly used for most buildings. Standard industry roof rafter spacing is 12”, 16”, 19.2”, and 24” on-center, however other spacing may be used by a Structural Engineer. Plus, you have to select the correct rafter spacing to span the distance based on all the factors that affect your design. You have to consider live, dead, wind, and snow loads, select the correct species, grade, and dimension of lumber for the rafter span, and decide if there will be a ceiling or loft supported by the rafters. Where access to the roof is provided in addition to that necessary for cleaning and repair, the imposed uniformly distributed load should be taken as a minimum of 1.50 kN/m².Designing and building a roof for a shed, porch, cabin, garage, or home can be a daunting task. The imposed load should be calculated in accordance with BS 6399:Part 3:1988 Code of practice for imposed roof loads, as a rule of thumb for altitudes not exceeding 100m you can use a uniformly distributed load of 0.75 kN/m² and for most other areas exceeding 100m but not exceeding 200m you can use 1 kN/m², for parts of Scotland, Pennines, North East England and heights over 200m you will need to refer to BS 6399 Part 3. Joists are to have minimum end bearing of 40mm. Wane as allowed in BS 4978:2007+A2:2017 is permitted in all sections included in these span tables. Holes drilled at the neutral axis (centre line) are not to exceed 0.25 of the depth of a joist and are not to be less than three diameters (centre to centre) apart and are to be located between 0.25 and 0.4 of the span from the support. Notches are not to exceed 0.125 of the depth of the joist and are to be located between 0.07 and 0.25 of the span from the support. Timber to be covered, these span tables do not apply to timber which is fully exposed to the elements. These span tables apply only to flat roof and roof with a slope of up to 10 degrees. If insulation is placed on top of the flat roof joists and as such the joists are not fastened to the boarding above, the depth to breadth ratio of the joists should not exceed a ratio of 4 to 1. The dead loads shown at the top of span table above do not include the self weight of the joists, however, the joist self weights are included (in addition to the dead loads) in the calculations used to determine permissble clear spans. The allowable clear spans have been calculated in accordance with BS 5268-2:2002 Structural use of timber - Part 2: Code of practice for permissible stress design, materials and workmanship and BS 5268-7.2:1989 Structural use of timber - Section 7.2 Joists for flat roofs. ![]() * Boarding to be fastened on top of flat roof joists with a depth to width ratio greater than 4 Dead load per square metre (in kN/m²) supported by joistsĬentre-to-centre spacing of joists (in mm)
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![]() The theme used lesser scripts which help in the faster loading time. ![]() With the help of Customizer, one can preview the changes they are making on the website from the backend. ![]() Musicians can customize their website as per their preference by making changes in the logo, color scheme, etc. It is compatible with plugins such as multilingual plugins, contact form plugins, security plugins, shortcodes plugins, etc. It is one of the best free WordPress themes for bands that include 3 slides in the default slider. Some of the default pages that come with this theme are About Us, blog, 404, search, etc. It is a responsive single-page theme that includes about 12 sections which can be customized as per the need and preference of the musicians and the musical bands. Parallax Slider is included in this free band themes for WordPress. The theme also includes a sliding menu bar. They can be accessed from various devices and browsers. It is compatible with WooCommerce plugins, slider plugins, and contact form plugins as well as gallery plugins. The codes of this theme are SEO friendly. This theme also allows changes in the background for all the website pages. This helps them to keep their audience updated about the activities of the bands. The blog section of the theme allows them to add images, videos as well as text. SKT Full Width is one of the popular WordPress band themes free that can be used to build up websites for various musical bands or musicians. The theme is compatible with cache plugins that further helps in improving the loading speed of the website. This theme also allows the musical bands to add various multimedia files to give an attractive appearance to the website and also to engage the audience. Owing to the incorporation of POT files, the pages can be translated into multiple languages. Musicians can use social media plugins of this theme to share their contents on various social media platforms. The default template also includes commenting features which will allow the fans or the audience to comment on blogs and articles. This is a free WordPress musician themes used to design website pages with event contents or other information of bands or musicians. Some of the best WordPress themes available for musical bands and musicians for free are as follows. This will help in creating an email list which musicians or band can use to send newsletters regularly and interact with their fans. They can share information, images, and videos and also update their fans about upcoming events through websites.Īdditionally, they can also provide the fans with the options of subscribing to the site. One can make use of the free WordPress themes for musicians to build a website to share their overall experience and also to connect to their fans or audience. WordPress is the best online platform available for building a website. ![]() Click continue to access the Smarty Ants Parent Dashboard. Option 1: The teacher can first log into the Smarty Ants application with their e-mail address (). Smarty Ants builds foundational reading skills in an interactive and adaptive learning environment designed to instill a love of reading for students in PreK-2. Please request a new invitation if you have not completed the Home-School Connection Account Registration. For questions or complaints, contact your school site principal and/or the District’s Chief Equity Compliance Officer, Section 504 Coordinator, and Title IX Coordinator: Erin Johnston, Director I, Human Resources, 1300 Baker Street, Bakersfield, CA 93305, (661) 631-4663, Distrito Escolar de la Ciudad de Bakersfield prohíbe la discriminación, la intimidación, el acoso (incluido el acoso sexual) o el acoso basado en la ascendencia, el color, la discapacidad, la etnia, el género, la expresión de género, la identidad de género, el estado migratorio, el origen nacional, raza, religión, sexo, orientación sexual o asociación con una persona o grupo con una o más de estas características reales o percibidas. Enter your first and last name and create your account password. Smarty Ants Data Dashboard Overview Daily Woof Your invitation has been used or expired. SMARTY is a new SIM-only mobile network that’s built to be fair, transparent and smart. ![]() ![]() All plans include WiFi Calling to supercharge your signal. The Bakersfield City School District prohibits discrimination, intimidation, harassment (including sexual harassment) or bullying based on a person’s actual or perceived ancestry, color, disability, ethnicity, gender, gender expression, gender identity, immigration status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics. Use your plan in Europe (12GB fair use limit) SIM, Micro-SIM, & Nano-SIM sizes. ![]() Traditional l ead- f ree s older p aste s olution and i ts d isadvantages for t he s econdary r eflow s olderingĭue to the constraints of the metal phase, limited types of solder paste alloys can be selected by the solder industry. It has become a hot spot in the microelectronics and semiconductor packaging solder industry.Ģ. The application of high-lead solder paste product Pb92.5Sn5Ag2.5 will be gradually limited, which puts forward urgent requirements for high-temperature lead-free solder paste. With the miniaturization of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and wearable electronic products, the international microelectronics and semiconductor packaging industry and even the military industry have higher requirements for lead-free products. This is the reason why high-lead solder pastes are still exempted in some areas when the global solder has been lead-free for 20 years. If the components are soldered on the circuit boards by secondary reflow, whether using SAC305 lead-free solder paste, Sn63Pb37 leaded solder paste, or Bi58Sn42 low-temperature lead-free solder paste, the peak reflow temperatures will not exceed the melting point of high-lead solder paste. The traditional solder for secondary reflow is high-lead solder paste, such as Pb92.5Sn5Ag2.5, with the first reflow soldering temperature of 290-310℃. However, they should have the same or similar soldering strength. The problem is that the solder pastes used for secondary reflow soldering cannot have the same soldering temperatures. In addition, after some components are soldered on one side of the circuit board, other components must be soldered on the other side, which should perform secondary soldering. For example, after the chip or component is packaged and soldered, the components need to be connected to the circuit boards by the second reflow soldering. Many components and circuit boards encounter problems during secondary reflow when using solder paste in the microelectronics and semiconductor packaging industry. S econdary r eflow p rocess puts forward requirements for l ead- f ree s older p aste Secondary reflow soldering, lead-free solder paste, high-strength low-temperature lead-free solder, reflow profile & solutionġ. Similarly, it is a perfect solution for circuit boards that require double-sided secondary reflow. The strength of the solder joint is similar to that of the SAC solder paste series alloy, which perfectly solves the problem of the lead-free solder paste alloy selection for the secondary reflow of components and circuit boards. FL series low-temperature high-strength solder paste is used at the second soldering of secondary reflow soldering. It is designed to use ordinary SAC305 solder paste or SAC0307 solder paste at the first soldering of secondary reflow soldering. Fitech proposed a new secondary reflow solution for microelectronics and semiconductor packaging based on the company's patent. ![]() ![]() While directly ripping audio from copyrighted YouTube videos is a legal no-go, there are perfectly legitimate ways to fill your digital music library with YouTube audio. The answer, like a well-crafted bassline, has its subtleties. But what if you want to take those infectious tunes offline and blast them on your MP3 player, phone, or car stereo? You face the pesky barrier of copyright, raising the question: can you download YouTube music as MP3s without infringing on anyone's creative rights? YouTube is a bottomless treasure trove of musical delights, from chart-topping hits to underground gems. If you need these features, be sure to choose a converter that supports them.Ĭlick here: Free YouTube to MP3 Converters Guide to Finding Copyright-Free Music on YouTube (and Downloading it as MP3s) However, paid converters offer a number of advantages, such as higher audio quality and no ads.Īudio quality: If you're looking for the best possible audio quality, you'll want to choose a converter that supports high-quality audio formats, such as 320 kbps MP3.įeatures: Some YouTube to MP3 converters offer additional features, such as the ability to convert videos to other formats or to edit audio files. Price: Free converters are a great option if you're on a budget. When choosing a YouTube to MP3 converter, there are a few factors you'll need to consider: Pros of Paid YouTube to MP3 Converters:Īdditional features Cons of Paid YouTube to MP3 Converters:Ĭlick here: Free YouTube to MP3 Converters How to Choose the Right YouTube to MP3 Converter for You It offers high-quality audio, no ads, and a variety of features, such as the ability to convert videos to other formats and to edit audio files.Īllavsoft is a powerful paid YouTube to MP3 converter that supports a wide range of formats and features. MediaHuman YouTube to MP3 Converter is another popular paid YouTube to MP3 converter. It offers high-quality audio, no ads, and the ability to download entire playlists. Paid YouTube to MP3 converters offer a number of advantages over free converters, such as higher audio quality, no ads, and additional features.Ĭlick here: Free YouTube to MP3 Converters Here are some of the best paid YouTube to MP3 converters:ĤK YouTube to MP3 is a popular paid YouTube to MP3 converter. Support a variety of audio formats Cons of Free YouTube to MP3 Converters: It's easy to use and supports a variety of audio formats.Ĭlick here: Free YouTube to MP3 Converters Pros of Free YouTube to MP3 Converters: It offers a wide range of features, including the ability to convert videos to other formats and to download entire playlists.ĬlipGrab is a desktop YouTube to MP3 converter that's available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. OnlineVideoConverter is another popular online YouTube to MP3 converter. It's easy to use and supports a variety of audio formats, including MP3, AAC, and FLAC. Y2Mate is a popular online YouTube to MP3 converter. Here are some of the best free YouTube to MP3 converters: However, it's important to note that free converters often have limitations, such as lower audio quality or ads. ![]() Best Free YouTube to MP3 Converters 2024įree YouTube to MP3 converters are a great option for those who want to save money. In this article, we'll take a look at some of the best options, both for free and paid users. ![]() There are many different Free YouTube to MP3 converters available, both free and paid. Whether you're looking for music, educational content, or entertainment, YouTube has something for everyone.īut what if you want to listen to YouTube videos offline? Or what if you want to convert YouTube videos to a different format, such as MP3? That's where Free YouTube to MP3 converters come in.Ĭlick here: Free YouTube to MP3 Converters Free YouTube to MP3 Converters 2024: YouTube is one of the most popular websites in the world, with billions of users watching videos every day. Consumer releases of Mac OS X included more backward compatibility. The first version of Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was a transitional product, featuring an interface resembling the classic Mac OS, though it was not compatible with software designed for the older system. x, with this going from 10.0 up until 10.15 starting with macOS 11 Big Sur, Apple switched to numbering major releases with numbers that increase by 1 with every major release. Until macOS 11 Big Sur, all versions of the operating system were given version numbers of the form 10. Previous Macintosh operating systems (versions of the classic Mac OS) were named using Arabic numerals, as with Mac OS 8 and Mac OS 9. The iPhone X, iPhone XR and iPhone XS all later followed this convention. However, it is also commonly pronounced like the letter "X". The letter "X" in Mac OS X's name refers to the number 10, a Roman numeral, and Apple has stated that it should be pronounced "ten" in this context. The project was first code named " Rhapsody" and then officially named Mac OS X. This purchase also led to Steve Jobs returning to Apple as an interim, and then the permanent CEO, shepherding the transformation of the programmer-friendly OPENSTEP into a system that would be adopted by Apple's primary market of home users and creative professionals. ![]() This led Apple to acquire NeXT in 1997, allowing NeXTSTEP, later called OPENSTEP, to serve as the basis for Apple's next generation operating system. Throughout the 1990s, Apple had tried to create a "next-generation" OS to succeed its classic Mac OS through the Taligent, Copland and Gershwin projects, but all were eventually abandoned. Its graphical user interface was built on top of an object-oriented GUI toolkit using the Objective-C programming language. The kernel of NeXTSTEP is based upon the Mach kernel, which was originally developed at Carnegie Mellon University, with additional kernel layers and low-level user space code derived from parts of FreeBSD and other BSD operating systems. There, the Unix-like NeXTSTEP operating system was developed, before being launched in 1989. The heritage of what would become macOS had originated at NeXT, a company founded by Steve Jobs following his departure from Apple in 1985. As of 2023, the most recent release of macOS is macOS 14 Sonoma. In 2020, Apple began the Apple silicon transition, using self-designed, 64-bit Arm-based Apple M series processors on the latest Macintosh computers. In 2006, Apple transitioned to the Intel architecture with a line of Macs using Intel Core processors. MacOS has supported three major processor architectures, beginning with PowerPC-based Macs in 1999. After sixteen distinct versions of macOS 10, macOS Big Sur was presented as version 11 in 2020, and every subsequent version has also incremented the major version number, similarly to classic Mac OS and iOS. Apple shortened the name to "OS X" in 2011 and then changed it to "macOS" in 2016 to align with the branding of Apple's other operating systems, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS. ![]() The derivatives of macOS are Apple's other operating systems: iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and audioOS.Ī prominent part of macOS's original brand identity was the use of Roman numeral X, pronounced "ten", as well as code naming each release after species of big cats, or places within California. All releases from Mac OS X Leopard onward (except for OS X Lion) are UNIX 03 certified. ![]() The first desktop version, Mac OS X 10.0, was released on March 24, 2001. Its underlying architecture came from NeXT's NeXTSTEP, as a result of Apple's acquisition of NeXT, which also brought Steve Jobs back to Apple. Mac OS X succeeded classic Mac OS, the primary Macintosh operating system from 1984 to 2001. ![]() Within the market of desktop and laptop computers, it is the second most widely used desktop OS, after Microsoft Windows and ahead of all Linux distributions, including ChromeOS. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. MacOS ( / ˌ m æ k oʊ ˈ ɛ s/ MAK-oh- ESS ), originally Mac OS X, previously shortened as OS X, is an operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. Pilgrims should prepare for periods of rain and misty conditions during their journey. Rainfall is common throughout the year in Galicia, but especially in the fall and winter months. During the winter months, temperatures typically range from 6-8 degrees Celsius during the day and 0-3 degrees Celsius at night. In summer, temperatures reach up to 24-26 degrees Celsius during the day and 10-12 degrees Celsius at night. In the spring, temperatures average between 11-13 degrees Celsius during the day, dropping to 5-6 degrees Celsius at night. The weather along the Camino Ingles can vary greatly, depending on the time of year and location. The Galicia region in northwestern Spain, where the El Camino Ingles is situated, has a temperate climate with mild winters and warm summers. ![]() Preparing for a journey on the Camino Ingles is an exciting experience, but it’s important to be aware of the weather conditions along the route. I used the Camino de Santiago forum extensively as part of my research and it was a great aid in my planning regime as well as the American Pilgrims on the Camino website. If you want a quiet walk in the countryside this could be the walk for you ! The Camino Ingles differs from the Camino del Norte which is tougher and the Camino Frances which is the more travelled route for lots of Pilgrims, as it is a shorter route and is also a far less travelled pilgrimage. Walking from A Caruna doesn’t qualify for a credential unless you have documented proof you have walked the Celtic Camino in Ireland or walked a qualifying Camino in your home country. The Camino Ingles stages route gives pilgrims the opportunity to cover the last 100km into Santiago de Compostela and be eligible to receive a credencial certificate for completing The Camino de Santiago.įor a pilgrim to receive thier credential, they have to have walked at least a 100km on any of the camino routes into Santiago de Compostela. Most people start their Camino Ingles route in Ferrol, Galicia and it’s a really good camino for pilgrims that like a quieter experience walking through the most beautiful countryside of northern Spain.Īlong the way I encountered amazing views, heard strange stories from fellow pilgrims and even got lost once or twice! Not badly and the local sent me on my way in the right direction These routes were traditionally taken by pilgrims from Northern Europe on their journey to Santiago de Compostela.
![]() You don't need a big space as your own personal shelter, so it's worth building yourself a small home for a bed to be inside, at least until later levels when you decide to upgrade with more fancy items. Generally speaking, we recommend having your base divided into areas. It also means that any that can transport goods will pick things up and take them to chests, which is very important. Your assigned Pals (which you'll get more of as you level up) can reach anything in that zone, which means those that can cut down trees or mine will do so happily. Do so in the middle of the area you want to claim, as the zone it creates extends in all directions. ![]() Once you've hit level 2, you need to place your Palbox down. With those two things in mind, let's move on. Also, you'll need to reach level 2 and unlock the Palbox to set up your base. This will make resource gathering a lot easier in both the short and long term. ![]() However, you should go down a couple of levels to the area to the right of the little pool that has not only a lot of trees and rocks, but also an ore vein and a few Paldium veins as well. A lot of players will be tempted to build a base right next to the fast-travel statue. While you can find plenty of resource-heavy areas as you progress through the game, the choices when you're just starting off aren't as bountiful. As with so many housing-based things in life, the first thing you should consider is location, location, location. ✔Truly endless possibilities: go in for farming, build your own Stone Age town, produce goods, grow veggies & fruit, harvest land & sea resources, increase your population, expand your borders, & attempt to build the best farmland in the world. ✔Tons of items, tribe characters, buildings, & decorations that few farm adventures can offer. PlayProtect will tell you the file is harmful. ![]() Here are some notes: To prevent users from installing apk files from outside, Google Play has now added a warning when installing apks & mods. You'll be mesmerized by how this island game depicts in detail the builders who work on construction sites & the farmers who harvest crops. The Tribez: Build a Village MOD APK v16.10.1 (Unlimited Money) Download Download (153M) You are now ready to download The Tribez: Build a Village for free. Get the latest and old versions on Mobiles24. Accelerated for downloading big mod files. 'the best downloader for mod files' App market for 100 working mods. ✔Lively animations make the prehistoric world come to life. Download the latest The Tribez: Build a Village 6.3.0 APK to your Android and Huaewei phone and tablet for free. The Tribez: Build a Village Mod Apk 15.0.6 Unlimited moneyFree purchaseFree shopping size:169.39 MB. ✔Tons of amazing constructions that you can build to make your island unique ✔A beautiful world of village life, farming, & adventure that will immerse you instantly. ✔Adorable virtual villagers who will soon become family to you! Meet the farmer, the builder, the tax collector, & many others! The Tribez: Build a Village Mod The Tribez: Build a Village Mod APK 15.10. ✔Simple, intuitive controls that even the youngest member of your family will be able to manage. Download The Tribez: Build a Village 9. The cozy village on the lost island is yours to enjoy wherever you are! ✔This unique farm adventure works when you're offline too – play it on a plane, in the subway or in the car. There are also countless village life adventures awaiting you on the lost island: each time you unravel a valley in the mist, it gives you a place to build & also grow crops!īe sure to share this pure joy with your family, because it's the best farm adventure for your family that you ever saw! ![]() Explore one of the most unusual farm adventures out there! The Tribez is a vibrant farm adventure full of amazing stories, charming characters, & heartwarming moments. Plant a crop, harvest it, stock up on hay for the horses, repeat. The Tribez: Build a Village has an APK download size of 192. Besides farming, growing crops, tending to your very own garden, & gathering the harvest when it's ripe, you'll get to engage in tons of exciting activities that other village games simply don't have. The Tribez: Build a Village has a content rating 'Everyone'. Travel to a settlement on a lost island, discover an adorable tribe of virtual villagers, & start improving the village, upgrading it into a beautiful town. The Tribez is not just one of the island games, farm adventures or family games: it's a city-building simulator & an adventure, featuring a charming tribe which lead a peaceful village life, growing crops and taming cute pets! Start an exciting farming tour in The Tribez & take your family with you! Step 3: In Microsoft Outlook, click on the “Work Offline” button in the Send/Receive tab. Step 2: Extract the zip folder to your local hard drive. In this case, we will use the “Outlook Mail Merge Attachment (OMMA).” Step 1: Download the Zip folder of any of these Add-ons. Here’s how to create a mail merge with attachments in Microsoft Outlook:
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